Career construction theory savickas - Based in constructivist and social constructionist theory (Maree, 2007; Savickas, 2002) these approaches shift the focus from a matching paradigm to a meaning paradigm for 21st-century career construction (Savickas, 2019; Savickas et al., 2009). Life designing augments career counselling’s individual differences and measurement …

 
生涯建构理论(Career Construction Theory)是 近20 年来西方职业心理学(vocational psychology) 研究中令人瞩目的一枝新秀, 由美国职业辅导实 . Guide tool illustrator

According to career construction theory, a clear vocational self-concept and a connection with a broader personal meaning provide an important basis for developing an adaptive career (Savickas 2005). Our findings imply that these tenets of career construction theory are particular meaningful for understanding the …When it comes to the construction industry, having reliable and high-quality supplies is crucial for getting the job done efficiently. HD Supply Construction Supply is a leading provider of construction products, offering a wide range of to...Mark L. Savickas. Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine. ... The aim of career construction theory is to be comprehensive in encouraging employment counselors to listen for a client's career story from the perspectives of actor, agent, and author. Taking …Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 42–70). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. …Mark Savickas is a prolific writer on careers development and often found representing ideas such as constructivism and narrative approaches to careers theory. That said it is not always apparent what Savickas’s theory is, Savickas is not so obviously linked to one particular idea as other theorists are.Savickas demonstrates this narrative approach to vocational counseling. This approach, which is based on career construction theory, focuses on how a client ...The life-design counseling framework implements the theories of self-constructing ( Guichard, 2005) and career construction ( Savickas, 2005) that describe vocational behavior and its development. Thus the framework is structured to be life-long, holistic, contextual, and preventive. 6.1. Life-long.The career construction theory (CCT) of career adaptation (Savickas, 2013;Savickas et al., 2018) explains that individuals adapt to changing socio-career conditions that potentially thwart career ...Career construction theory views adaptation to these changes as fostered by five principal types of coping behaviors: orientation, exploration, establishment, management, and disengagement. These constructive activities form a cycle of adaptation that is periodically repeated as the individual navigates new transitions.The findings for job stress, self-reported work performance, employability, promotability, turnover intentions, income, engagement, and entrepreneurship outcomes are consistent with expectations based on career construction theory (Savickas, 1997, Savickas, 2013) and previous empirical research. It should also be pointed out that career ...concerning this article should be addressed to Mark L. Savickas, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of ... The paradigm for life design interventions constructs career through small stories, reconstructs the stories into a life portrait, and coconstructs intentions that advance the ...The career construction theory (CCT) of career adaptation (Savickas, 2013;Savickas et al., 2018) explains that individuals adapt to changing socio-career conditions that potentially thwart career ...2. Theoretical Framework: Career Construction Theory (CCT) Savickas’ career construction theory (CCT) was used in this study as the theoretical framework for constructing (gathering), analysing, and interpreting data. CCT is predicated on the belief that people construct their careers by making meaning in and through their THEORY AND HYPOTHESES. Career construction theory suggests that individuals draw on self-regulation resources to cope with career transitions (Savickas, 1997, 2005, 2013), and career adaptability consists of individuals' psychosocial resources to (a) foresee and prepare for challenges that are likely to occur in the future (career …The present study examined the career construction theory (CCT) model of adaptation using a sample of working adults diagnosed with Chiari malformation. ... Savickas M. L. (2002). Career construction: A developmental theory of vocational behavior. In Brown D. (Ed.), ...Apr 1, 2019 · Career construction theory is a grand theory of career development. The theory adopts a developmental, differential, and dynamic perspective on vocational behavior (Savickas, 2013). Embracing a lifespan developmental perspective, the theory aims to explain how people assimilate their vocational self-concepts with their work roles across their ... In 1997 Glenn Ballard and Greg Howell founded the Lean Construction Institute (LCI), whose mission is to educate the construction industry on these theories, principles, and techniques. Savickas (2006) has used the idea of the occupational self-concept as a basis for career construction theory (see below).Definition. Savickas describes this as follows: "I distinguish the career construction theory of vocational behavior [] in applied psychology from life designing [] as a discourse in the counseling profession. I use the term life design to denote the third major paradigm for career intervention, subsequent to vocational guidance and career ...action. designed to reach a goal that will satisfy the needs of the agent. instrument. what the agent uses to reach goals. wavering. when clients moves back and forth between finding meaning in their career path -- an opportunity to clarify needs, values, and aspirations. Savicka's stages of life designing.In this second edition of Career Counseling, Mark L. Savickas returns to and updates his influential model. This newly expanded edition takes into consideration the latest research and developments in the field and …As marketing evolves, so are the positions required to run it. Here's a look at 10 new jobs you'll probably see more of in the near future. Blogs Read world-renowned marketing content to help grow your audience Read best practices and examp...6 Career Construction Theory and Counseling Model 165 Mark L. Savickas. 7 Psychology of Working Theory 201 David L. Blustein and Ryan D. Duffy. 8 Emerging Perspectives: Calling, Meaning, and Volition 237 Bryan J. Dik, Michael F. Steger, and Kelsey L. Autin. Section Two Diversity and Sociocultural Factors In Career Development 271293 In career construction theory, career adaptability is de fi ned by four global 294 dimensions: concern, control, curiosity, and con fi dence (Savickas, 2 012a , 2013 ).By translating career construction theory to the practice of career assessment and intervention (Savickas, 2002, 2005), career construction counseling maintains an implicit goal of increasing each one of these two dimensions of SWB specifically within the domain of work and vocational choice.Konsep adaptabilitas karier ini berkembang dari teori career construction yang dikembangkan oleh Savickas. Adaptabilitas karier merupakan komponen ketiga dalam career construction theory (Savickas, 2005, p. 45). Adaptabiltias karier merupakan kesiapan untuk mengatasi tugas yang dapat diprediksi dalam mempersiapkan danAre you looking to start a career as a virtual assistant but feel unsure about how to build a portfolio that will attract clients? As a beginner, it’s crucial to showcase your skills and capabilities in order to stand out in the competitive...Mark L. Savickas. Career construction theory provides a way of thinking about how individuals choose and use work. The theory presents a model for comprehending …Dec 1, 2018 · Drawing from Career Construction Theory (Savickas, 2013) and Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986), we examine role modeling as a socialization mechanism that facilitates the transmission of ... When was career construction theory developed? 2005Career construction theory, in this sense, is a powerful framework that can resolve this problem. Savickas ( 2022) first proposed career construction theory, stating that an individual's career develops through his or her interpretation of life and career situations.CAREER CONSTRUCTION INTERVIEW A. How can I be useful to you as you construct your career? 1. Who did you admire when you were growing up? Tell me about her or him. 2. Do you read any magazines or watch any television shows regularly? Which ones? - What do you like about these magazines or television shows? 3. What is your favorite …生涯建构理论(Career Construction Theory)是 近20 年来西方职业心理学(vocational psychology) 研究中令人瞩目的一枝新秀, 由美国职业辅导实 In this chapter, we begin with an overview of concepts that relates to the theoretical notion career adaptability (Savickas, 2005). Next we raise concerns about conflation of terminology and concepts. ... Career construction theory and practice. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling putting theory and research to ...Feb 15, 2022 · The Career Construction Theory (CCT; Savickas, 2013, 2020) was built on the premise that the increasingly unpredictable and fast-transforming social and economic contexts have called for a new paradigm of career development. According to the CCT, the dominant paradigms of career development in the past decades such as the P × E fit paradigm ... The findings for job stress, self-reported work performance, employability, promotability, turnover intentions, income, engagement, and entrepreneurship outcomes are consistent with expectations based on career construction theory (Savickas, 1997, Savickas, 2013) and previous empirical research. It should also be pointed out that career ...Jan 21, 2023 · Tab. 3.5 Komponenten einer erfolgreichen Adaptation gemäß der Career Construction Theorie (CCT; Savickas, 2019b, 2020) Full size table Die Adaptations-Bereitschaft ist dann relevant, wenn die anstehenden Herausforderungen im Berufsleben nicht mit Routinehandlungen bewältigt werden können und alternatives wirksames Adaptations-Verhalten ... When looking for construction work, it’s essential to bid the right price. Otherwise, you risk not getting the job if you bid too high or not making much if you bid too low. The first step is to accurately identify the materials required fo...Sept. 1, 2023. How to improve presentation skills: A guide to presentation mastery. Latest posts. CAREER CONSTRUCTION COUNSELING BY MARICOR COQUIA BRIEF OVERVIEW BRIEF OVERVIEW Developed by Dr. Mark Savickas Currently a professor at Kent State University Meta-Theory Draws upon Super, Holland, and Adler, …May 8, 2021 · We drew heavily on career construction theory (Savickas, 2012) in conceptualizing this section.Savickas (2012, 2015) introduced a new paradigm he called life design for career interventions, and indicated it was not just an extension of old ideas but a “fundamental reordering of career counseling theory that envisions career intervention from a different perspective and elaborates it from ... Later, inspired by McAdans’s general framework of personality, Savickas merged and developed personal environment fit theory and life theme theory, and further refined those propositions into three aspects of career construction theory (Savickas, 2013) . The traits of different individuals are differential.生涯建构理论(Career Construction Theory)是 近20 年来西方职业心理学(vocational psychology) 研究中令人瞩目的一枝新秀, 由美国职业辅导实Based predominantly on Savickas’ career construction theory (Savickas, 2019a) but also on Adler’s holistic theory of personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy, Cochran’s narrative approach to career counselling , and Erikson’s (1982) theory of psychosocial developmental, the CIP reflects the differential, developmental, and ...Savickas (2011) makes a clear distinction between the concepts of identity and self within the framework of career construction theory. He explained identity as the way individuals think of themselves relative to social roles. Clients develop identity through an internal process of merging the psychological self and a social context.Are you looking for ways to transform your home? Ferguson Building Materials can help you get the job done. With a wide selection of building materials, Ferguson has everything you need to make your home look and feel like new.The career construction theory (CCT) of career adaptation (Savickas, 2013;Savickas et al., 2018) explains that individuals adapt to changing socio-career conditions that potentially thwart career ...Career construction theory was put forward by Savickas, a senior scholar in the field of career counseling practice and research in America and a rising star in the field of Western vocational ...CAREER CONSTRUCTION THEORY . Mark L. Savickas Career construction theory provides a way of thinking about how individuals choose and use work. The theory presents a model for comprehending vocational behavior across the life-cycle as well as methods and materials that career counselors use to help clients make vocational choices and maintain ...Career Construction Theory explains the interpretive and interpersonal processes by which individuals organize their behavioral dispositions, impose direction on their vocational behavior, and make meaning of their vocational development. This book presents an updated exposition of the theory and demonstrates its application in a longitudinal study …Based on the model of career construction theory (Savickas & Porf eli, 2012), which aims to examine the various results of empirical testing o f career readiness,Savickas, M. L. (2005). The Theory and Practice of Career Construction. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 42-70). ... Counseling for career construction encourages individuals to use work and other life roles to become who they are and live the lives they have ...The findings for job stress, self-reported work performance, employability, promotability, turnover intentions, income, engagement, and entrepreneurship outcomes are consistent with expectations based on career construction theory (Savickas, 1997, Savickas, 2013) and previous empirical research. It should also be pointed out that career ...When was career construction theory developed? 2005Career construction theory, in this sense, is a powerful framework that can resolve this problem. Savickas ( 2022) first proposed career construction theory, stating that an individual's career develops through his or her interpretation of life and career situations.Mar 8, 2015 · Mark Savickas is a prolific writer on careers development and often found representing ideas such as constructivism and narrative approaches to careers theory. That said it is not always apparent what Savickas’s theory is, Savickas is not so obviously linked to one particular idea as other theorists are. Later, inspired by McAdans’s general framework of personality, Savickas merged and developed personal environment fit theory and life theme theory, and further refined those propositions into three aspects of career construction theory (Savickas, 2013) . The traits of different individuals are differential.Mark Savickas theory. Career Construction Theory. CCI perspective. differential - addresses what different people prefer to do in their work. developmental - emphasizes the various ways in which people cope with career development tasks and transitions. dynamic - attends to the ways in which people use life themes to develop meaning in their ... heterogeneous potentials. Thus, career construction theory regards vocational personality types and occupational interests as relational phenomena that reflect emergent and socially-constituted meanings. For this reason, career construction theory views vocational personality as an individual’s reputation among a group of people. Accordingly ...Career construction theory (CCT) (Savickas, 2005) approaches career counseling and career development from a constructivist and narrative perspective. As career theories move towards incorporating holistic approaches that take into consideration individuals' subjective experiences, narrative theory offers a means to draw out and clarify this ...(Guichard 2015; Savickas 2012), career construction theory (Savickas 2013), happenstance learning theory (Krumboltz 2009), and hope theory (Snyder 2002), career counselors can partner with students in higher education to engage in successful transitions within higher education and onto their professional lives. SCHLOSSBERG’S …The contribution of these factors, however, was not clearly delineated in the career adaptability concept, and its related theory, the career construction theory (CCT) [4, 6]. From a theoretical ...Are you looking for ways to transform your home? Ferguson Building Materials can help you get the job done. With a wide selection of building materials, Ferguson has everything you need to make your home look and feel like new.The career construction theory (Savickas, 2005) is built on Super’s theoretical framework with an additional focus on making meaning through a narrative approach. This theory goes beyond scores on assessments and encourages counselors to consider an individual’s story including their context, with whom they interact, and how they derive ...Later, inspired by McAdans’s general framework of personality, Savickas merged and developed personal environment fit theory and life theme theory, and further refined those propositions into three aspects of career construction theory (Savickas, 2013) . The traits of different individuals are differential.maturity of the structure within. Career construction theory explains the interpretive and interpersonal processes that individuals use as actors, agents, and writers to create themselves, form identities, and build careers (Savickas, 2013a, p. 179). This theory highlights the role of two meta-competencies, namely adaptation and identity, in ...Chaos Theory of Careers is based on all of the following assumptions except Selected Answer: there is nothing a person can do that can influence their career because there are too many variables Question 9 2.5 out of 2.5 points According to Pope and Barret (2002), counselors can best work with gay and lesbian clients by: Selected Answer: all of the …His contribution to vocational guidance and career counseling has immense theoretical and practical value for all of us involved in helping clients. Savickas’ incisive analysis of the weaknesses of traditional career counseling models has become a point of reference for all psychologists, no matter where in the world they may find themselves.As marketing evolves, so are the positions required to run it. Here's a look at 10 new jobs you'll probably see more of in the near future. Blogs Read world-renowned marketing content to help grow your audience Read best practices and examp...this problem. Savickas (2005) first proposed career construction theory, stating that an individual’s career develops through his or her interpretation of life and career situations. The philosophy underlying this theory is distinguished from previous career development theories in that it is rooted in constructivism.Aug 18, 2020 · 3.3.2. Career Construction Theory. Career construction theory was put forward by Savickas, a senior scholar in the field of career counseling practice and research in America and a rising star in the field of Western vocational psychology over the past 20 years (Nota et al., 2014) . Career construction theory was put forward by Savickas, a senior scholar in the field of career counseling practice and research in America and a rising star in the field of W estern vocationalMark L. Savickas. Career construction theory provides a way of thinking about how individuals choose and use work. The theory presents a model for comprehending …Career Construction Theory. Savickas (2005) expanded on the work of Super (1980) to develop career construction theory, which focuses on how individuals construct their life roles, including their careers, framed within the environment and other life domains. According to Savickas, one’s career is constructed through the meaning placed on ...According to career construction theory, a clear vocational self-concept and a connection with a broader personal meaning provide an important basis for developing an adaptive career (Savickas 2005). Our findings imply that these tenets of career construction theory are particular meaningful for understanding the …Within the field of counseling psychology, the popular support of the career construction theory is another good example of such a trend. Several researchers have cautioned that the CCT, and its ...Career adaptability and its relation to self-regulation, career construction, and academic engagement among Spanish University students. Journal of Vocational Behavior , 93, 92–102. CrossrefCareer Construction Theory & Life Design. The career construction theory (Savickas, 2005) is built on Super’s theoretical framework with an additional focus on making meaning through a narrative approach. This theory goes beyond scores on assessments and encourages counselors to consider an individual’s story including their context, with ...Jan 2, 2020 · Career construction theory and the Living Systems theory of Vocational behaviour and Development are examples of one of the final stages of science which Savickas identified in 1995, unification. Unification involves a synthesis which uses a new “superordinate umbrella, coherent theoretical gestalt, metatheoretical framework or conceptually ... view, career adaptability can be placed between constructs that reflect a personal agent or perceived ability to achieve one's life goals (Savickas & Porfeli, 2012; Urbanaviciute et al., 2014). Based on the model of career construction theory, people build careers using adaptive strategies that apply their personality in work roles.キャリア・アダプタビリティ(Career Adaptability)という概念は、サビカス先生のキャリア構築理論(Career Construction Theory)の中に位置付けられます。スーパーやホランドをどのように受け継ぎながら、サビカスがどのようにキャリア構築理論を主張するに至ったのかがよくわかります。また ...career intervention, one that complements the psychology of career construction (Savickas, 2005b) and the epistemology of life designing (Savickas et al., 2009). This conceptual model for career counseling is not just an addition to or extension of the old ideas. It represents a fundamental reordering of career counseling theory that envisions ... digm, namely career construction theory (Savickas, 2002b, 2005, 2012, p.14). Savickas (2012), while outlining life design and its emergence, was quick to remind that the paradigm of life design did not replace existing paradigms within career development such as vocational guidance and careerSavickas is a proponent of postmodern career counseling based on. career construction theory. Savickas believed that the career counselor's role is to. assist client to make sense of their life and work and to construct meaning together. (not as an interpreter of scores from inventories) Savickas career construction theory concerns three ...Savickas stated that "examining concepts about work and love can help people increase their career success and life satisfaction" , (p. 315). Changes in careers, such as the structure of work and its social organization, have demanded a new paradigm. ... The theory and practice of career construction. In Career Development and Counseling ...The Career Construction Interview (CCI) comprises a qualitative assessment method that forms a central component of career construction counselling. Career construction counselling entails an interpersonal process of helping people author career stories that connect their self-concepts to work roles, fit work into life, and make meaning through ...action. designed to reach a goal that will satisfy the needs of the agent. instrument. what the agent uses to reach goals. wavering. when clients moves back and forth between finding meaning in their career path -- an opportunity to clarify needs, values, and aspirations. Savicka's stages of life designing.Career construction theory (CCT) (Savickas, 2005) approaches career counseling and career development from a constructivist and narrative perspective. …The powerful association between psychodynamic approaches and career construction as well as life design theory and practice (Savickas, Citation 2011) ... & Savickas, S. (2018). Career construction materials: The story of a career development curriculum in a Turkish school. Early Child Development and Care, 1–12. doi:10.1080 ...In this second edition of Career Counseling, Mark L. Savickas returns to and updates his influential model. This newly expanded edition takes into consideration the latest research and developments in the field and …As a theory of vocational behavior and counseling scheme, career construction comprehends careers as self-making and applies narrative methods to career intervention (Savickas, 2019, 2020).Career construction counseling has been widely described and applied (Savickas, 2011, 2019), yet counseling itself represents …May 8, 2021 · We drew heavily on career construction theory (Savickas, 2012) in conceptualizing this section.Savickas (2012, 2015) introduced a new paradigm he called life design for career interventions, and indicated it was not just an extension of old ideas but a “fundamental reordering of career counseling theory that envisions career intervention from a different perspective and elaborates it from ... Savickas career construction theory is a unique approach to career development as it is a meta-theory, “a comprehensive theory derived from existing theories” (Sharf, 2010, p. 327). Savickas incorporated ideas from Holland, Super, and other theorists to come up with this comprehensive theory that uses a narrative approach to both assess a ...Career construction theory, in this sense, is a powerful framework that can resolve this problem. Savickas (2005) first proposed career construction theory, stating that an individual’s career develops through his or her interpretation of life …Career construction theory and counseling has a comprehensive, solid foundation for bridging the construction of self and career. Because of its rather compendious nature and its efficiency in procedure, career construction counseling can most often be accomplished in three sessions or less (Savickas, 1989, 1998, 2009, 2011). 1.4.

I distinguish the career construction theory of vocational behavior (Savickas, 2002, 2013) in applied psychology from life designing (Savickas, 2011) as a discourse in the counseling profession. I use the term life design to denote the third major paradigm for career intervention, subsequent to vocational guidance and career education (Savickas ... . Oklahoma softball vs oklahoma state

career construction theory savickas

In 2005, career adaptability became part of construction career theory (CCT) and was defined as psycho-social constructs, in which individuals are prepared and provided resources for dealing with current and upcoming career development tasks, transitions, crises, or unexpected events (Savickas, 2005).Savickas (2011) has stated in his theory of career construction that students who participate in career development programs are more likely to be prepared and have more adaptability in making ...Jan 11, 2016 · The role of the theories of career construction and self-constructing in life designing, in Paper Presented at the 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology Symposium on Life design: A Paradigm for Career Construction in the 21st century. (Berlin: ). [Google Scholar] Guichard J., Lenz J. (2005). Career theory from an international ... Mark Savickas theory. Career Construction Theory. CCI perspective. differential - addresses what different people prefer to do in their work. developmental - emphasizes the various ways in which people cope with career development tasks and transitions. dynamic - attends to the ways in which people use life themes to develop meaning in their ...1. Background1.1. Career construction model of adaptation. During the last 20 years, career construction theory (Savickas, 1997, Savickas, 2013) has become increasingly prominent in career psychology.The theory proposes a career construction model of adaptation that explains the process of career construction during a …In this chapter, we begin with an overview of concepts that relates to the theoretical notion career adaptability (Savickas, 2005). Next we raise concerns about conflation of terminology and concepts. ... Career construction theory and practice. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling putting theory and research to ...Savickas career construction theory is a unique approach to career development as it is a meta-theory, “a comprehensive theory derived from existing …Career construction theory is a grand theory of career development. The theory adopts a developmental, differential, and dynamic perspective on vocational behavior ( Savickas, 2013 ). Embracing a lifespan developmental perspective, the theory aims to explain how people assimilate their vocational self-concepts with their work roles across their ...CONCLUSION Super's aim: theory made up of loosely unified theoretical segments. Since his death- effort to cement the different aspects of his theory. Savickas- adapting his global constructs to our local contexts and our changing circumstances. (future goal) South African career.In this way, SDT would potentially contribute to protean career theory, by, for example, providing a deeper understanding of the individual differences that contribute to the PCO, and protean theory might contribute to SDT by revealing some of the long-term career benefits of autonomy and intrinsic motivation—perhaps even including an increase in a …An electrician is a tradesman whose job is to map out, install, manage and troubleshoot electrical wiring systems. The systems are suited in homes, industrial buildings and even machines and large pieces of equipment.Savickas explains that it is not the purpose of career construction theory, self-construction theory, and life design counseling to replace previous paradigms but rather to take its place beside them for the benefit of clients. Life design holds that the activity of working should be seen as a much more encompassing experience than just a so ...Career Construction Interview Domains Role models: Represent ego ideals or a central life goal and provide solutions to a central life problem. Concentrate on what is admired rather than who is admired. Magazines/books TV shows: Indicate preferred environments that fit individual style. Books reveal a major character whoHis contribution to vocational guidance and career counseling has immense theoretical and practical value for all of us involved in helping clients. Savickas’ incisive analysis of the weaknesses of traditional career counseling models has become a point of reference for all psychologists, no matter where in the world they may find themselves.Savickas M. L. (2013). Career construction theory and practice. In Brown S. D., Lent R. W. ... (2020). A test of the career construction theory model of adaptation in adult workers with chiari malformation. Journal of Career Assessment, 28(3), 381–401. Google Scholar. Triandis H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism.In the third article, Career construction materials: the story of a career development curriculum in a Turkish school, Briddick, Sensoy-Briddick, and Savickas (Citation 2018) argue that the advent of life design has put pressure on career counselling theory and practice (and necessarily also on career development) to change. The …Mark L. Savickas When individuals seek career counseling, they have stories to tell about their working lives. The aim of career construction theory is to be comprehensive in encouraging employment counselors to listen for a client’s career story from the perspectives of actor, agent, and author.M. Savickas. Published 2005. Psychology. Career construction theory provides a way of thinking about how individuals choose and use work..

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